基于改进灰狼算法的粒子滤波算法研究

针对传统粒子滤波算法易出现粒子贫化与权值退化现象和为了实现对非线性系统较为准确的状态估计,通常需要大量粒子的参与的问题,提出了基于改进灰狼算法的新型粒子滤波方法,该算法用粒子表征灰狼个体,模拟狼群捕猎的过程,使粒子向后验概率的高似然区域移动,提高粒子分布的合理性。在灰狼寻优算法中引入了莱维飞行策略,提高灰狼算法的收敛速度;在部分重采样前采用了权值自适应调整策略,增加粒子的多样性。仿真实验结果表明:改进的方法提高了粒子滤波的估计精度、保证了粒子的多样性与粒子分布的合理性、降低了状态估计所需的粒子数量。     

文化振兴视阈下乡村文化旅游融合发展的内生逻辑及路径选择

在乡村振兴的过程中,文化振兴往往与文旅融合、产业振兴联系在一起,但通过分析,笔者认为文化与旅游的关系不必然是融合关系,无论从发展阶段还是功能性质来看,二者都存在一定的差异性,当前从文化振兴的角度来看,文旅融合还存在五大矛盾,包括文化资源稀缺与旅游产业逐利性之间的矛盾、文化的严谨性与旅游的随意性之间的矛盾、乡村文化的外来性与旅游资源的本土性之间的矛盾、文化与旅游融合在不同禀赋特征地区之差异化的矛盾、乡村文旅融合低层次性规划与可持续性发展要求之间的矛盾。基于此,本文提出了乡村文化与旅游产业融合发展的路径选择:转变思维,加强农村文化价值内涵的挖掘保护工作;尊重人的主体性,发挥人才的推动力;加强基础工作建设,避免超前跳跃发展。     

武汉地区4种生境蝇类多样性及种群动态分析

2006年1月至2016年12月,在武汉地区4种生境共捕获蝇类4科7属11种15 603只,家蝇和丝光绿蝇为优势种.武汉地区蝇类全年活动,总密度季节消长趋势呈双峰型,第一个高峰出现在5月,第二个高峰出现在9月;蝇类活跃期较长,4—11月密度均较高,不同年份蝇类密度高峰期不同.蝇密度年际消长整体呈下降趋势,仅2010年密度反弹至14.5只/笼.绿化带蝇类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均最高,居民区次之,餐饮外环境和农贸市场最低.4种生境蝇类群落相似性指数在0.87～1.00之间,均为极相似.基于欧式距离的系统聚类和物种非度量多维标度排序分析显示,2006—2008年和2010年为一组,2011—2016年为一组,相互之间距离较近.这些结果说明,4种生境蝇类多样性与气候和人为干扰因素有密切关系.     

First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea, Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species

ABSTRACT

The genus Tanaostigma is newly recorded from the Afrotropical region and three new species are described: Tanaostigma lasallei van Noort sp. nov. (South Africa), Tanaostigma mulu van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya) and Tanaostigma ukumbusho van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya). We provide comprehensive images of the holotypes and an illustrated identification key to the African species. New country distribution records are provided for Tanaostigmodes tambotis Prinsloo & LaSalle, 1995. All images presented here as well as supplementary images and online keys are available on www.waspweb.org

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61D1A59D-3702-480A-B146-73067C29CD82     

New data on sponges from Svalbard Archipelago with a description of a new species of Halicnemia

Sponge fauna from the west and south of Svalbard archipelago was studied. A total of 28 species of sponges were identified. Five of them are new records to the study area and one is new to science. New records for Spitsbergen are: Axinella hispida (Koltun 1959), Haliclona rossica (Hentschel 1929), Myxilla (Myxilla) perspinosa (Lundbeck 1905), Sphaerotylus borealis (Swartschewsky 1906) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston 1842). A new species of sponge, Halicnemia wagini sp. nov., collected south-west of Spitsbergen on the continental slope at a depth of 423–425 m, is described. It is similar to Halicnemia patera (Bowerbank 1864) and H. verticillata (Bowerbank 1866) in skeleton architecture, but significantly differs in its spicule complement and external appearance. Primarily, distinct differences concern the morphology of microscleres. In comparison with Halicnemia patera, the new species has an additional category of acanthose microscleres presented by microstrongyles, while microscleres of H. verticillata are only slightly curved and also verticillately spined. The study area, west of Spitsbergen, establishes close relationships with North Atlantic due to warm Atlantic waters of the West Spitsbergen Current. Proximity of the new species to the North Atlantic representatives of Halicnemia genus allowed us to suggest that H. wagini sp. nov., both ecologically and morphologically, has stood apart as a distinct biological species in the conditions of the Arctic.

http://www.zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A09537B-63D7-4F07-A2AB-9C707A686333     

Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

The first record from Sicily of the introduced facelinid nudibranch Godiva quadricolor allowed the detection of trophic relationships with the polycerid Polycera hedgpethi, another non-native nudibranch, and with two bryozoan species, namely the naturalized Cheilostomatida Bugula neritina and the cryptogenic Ctenostomatida Amathia verticillata. The settlement of both nudibranchs was presumably promoted by a trophic shift of P. hedgpethi from the natural prey B. neritina towards the largely available and not exploited A. verticillata. This short food web, without evident links with native fauna and having G. quadricolor as the top predator, is described. A DNA barcoding approach was used to confirm the identity of this facelinid species and to explore the possible genetic divergence occurring among the samples analysed.     

草原退化过程中植物群落的结构异质性分析——以家庭牧场为例

以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原某家庭牧场作为研究尺度,以卧羊圈为中心沿辐射状将该家庭牧场划分为重牧区、中牧区、轻牧区和无牧区(围栏内),同时与村落自由放牧区(即过牧区)进行比较,开展植物群落结构空间异质性研究。结果表明:该家庭牧场植物群落种类较为丰富,多年生草本植物居多,一年生草本植物随放牧强度的减弱,比例也随之增加;轻牧条件下群落地上生物量最高,适度的放牧干扰有助于植物干物质的积累;轻牧区禾本科植物的重要值较大,说明轻度放牧干扰有利于群落发生恢复演替;重牧区和轻牧区Simpson集中性概率指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数高于过牧区,重牧区和轻牧区植物群落由于竞争达成了较稳定状态,群落较为集中,空间异质性高。